Key Insights
The Asia-Pacific Engineering Research and Development (ER&D) services market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $361.76 million in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.51% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Firstly, the region's burgeoning manufacturing sector, particularly in countries like China, India, and South Korea, necessitates extensive R&D investment to enhance product innovation and competitiveness. Secondly, increasing government initiatives promoting technological advancement and digital transformation are creating significant opportunities for ER&D service providers. Thirdly, the growing adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT), is driving demand for specialized engineering expertise in areas like automation, data analytics, and cybersecurity. Finally, the increasing outsourcing of R&D activities by multinational corporations to leverage cost-effective solutions in the Asia-Pacific region further contributes to market growth.
However, market growth is not without its challenges. Competition among established players and new entrants is intense, placing pressure on pricing and profitability. Furthermore, the availability of skilled engineers remains a constraint, potentially hindering the capacity of the industry to meet the rising demand. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook for the Asia-Pacific ER&D services market remains positive, driven by sustained economic growth, technological advancements, and increasing government support across the region. The diverse segments within the market, including automotive, aerospace, electronics, and energy, contribute to a dynamic and rapidly evolving landscape. Key players like Wipro, Infosys, Accenture, and others are strategically positioning themselves to capitalize on these growth opportunities through acquisitions, partnerships, and investments in innovative technologies.
This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the Asia-Pacific Engineering Research and Development (ER&D) Services market, offering invaluable insights for stakeholders seeking to navigate this dynamic landscape. Covering the period from 2019 to 2033, with a focus on 2025, this report examines market size, growth drivers, competitive dynamics, and future trends. The study incorporates extensive quantitative and qualitative data, including CAGR projections, market segmentation, and key player analysis.
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Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Market Structure & Competitive Landscape
The Asia-Pacific ER&D services market exhibits a moderately concentrated structure, with a handful of large multinational corporations and a significant number of smaller, specialized firms vying for market share. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for 2025 is estimated at xx, indicating a moderately competitive landscape. Innovation is a crucial driver, with companies continuously investing in advanced technologies like AI, machine learning, and digital twins to enhance their service offerings. Stringent regulatory frameworks concerning data privacy and intellectual property rights significantly impact market operations. Product substitutes, such as in-house R&D departments, pose a competitive threat, particularly for smaller firms. The market is segmented by industry (automotive, aerospace, electronics, etc.) and service type (design, simulation, testing, etc.). Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity is considerable, with xx major deals recorded between 2019 and 2024. This M&A activity is fueled by the desire for companies to expand their service portfolios, gain access to new technologies, and consolidate their market position.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated, HHI (2025) estimated at xx.
- Innovation Drivers: AI, machine learning, digital twins.
- Regulatory Impacts: Data privacy regulations, intellectual property rights.
- Product Substitutes: In-house R&D departments.
- End-User Segmentation: Automotive, aerospace, electronics, energy, etc.
- M&A Trends: xx major deals between 2019 and 2024, driven by expansion and consolidation.
Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Market Trends & Opportunities
The Asia-Pacific ER&D services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand from various industries for advanced engineering solutions. The market size reached xx Million in 2024 and is projected to reach xx Million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033). Technological advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G, and cloud computing are creating new opportunities for ER&D service providers. A rising preference for outsourcing engineering functions due to cost optimization and access to specialized expertise is further fueling market expansion. However, intense competition among established players and new entrants necessitates continuous innovation and differentiation to sustain growth. Market penetration rates are highest in developed economies like Japan and Australia, while emerging economies like India and Vietnam present significant growth potential.
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Dominant Markets & Segments in Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market
India currently holds the dominant position in the Asia-Pacific ER&D services market, accounting for xx% of the total market share in 2025. China is a close second, followed by Japan and Australia. The automotive industry is the largest segment, contributing xx% to the overall market value in 2025, driven by the increasing production of electric vehicles and autonomous driving technologies.
- Key Growth Drivers in India:
- Strong government support for technological innovation.
- Abundant pool of skilled engineers at competitive costs.
- Growing domestic manufacturing sector.
- Key Growth Drivers in China:
- Rapid industrialization and infrastructure development.
- Increasing government investment in R&D.
- Growing demand for advanced technologies in various sectors.
- Key Growth Drivers in Japan:
- Focus on technological advancement and innovation.
- Strong presence of multinational corporations.
- Robust automotive and electronics industries.
- Key Growth Drivers in Australia:
- Focus on infrastructure development and resource management.
- Growth in mining and energy sectors.
- Favorable government policies.
Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Product Analysis
Product innovations in the ER&D services market are characterized by a focus on digital technologies, including AI-powered design tools, simulation software, and data analytics platforms. These innovations enhance efficiency, accuracy, and speed in engineering processes. Companies are leveraging these advancements to offer specialized solutions tailored to specific industry needs, such as autonomous vehicle development and smart grid technologies. The key competitive advantage lies in the ability to provide a comprehensive suite of integrated services backed by cutting-edge technologies.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market
Key Drivers:
- Growing demand for digital transformation across industries.
- Increasing adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies.
- Favorable government policies and initiatives to promote R&D.
Key Challenges:
- Intense competition from established and emerging players.
- Maintaining high-quality standards while managing costs.
- Addressing data security concerns and ensuring compliance with regulations. This contributes to a xx% increase in operational costs for some firms.
Growth Drivers in the Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Market
The Asia-Pacific ER&D services market is driven by increasing investments in digital technologies, infrastructure development, and government initiatives aimed at boosting domestic innovation. The automotive, electronics, and energy sectors are major contributors, along with the growing adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies.
Challenges Impacting Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Growth
Challenges include intense competition, talent acquisition difficulties, maintaining high quality while managing costs effectively, and adapting to rapidly evolving technological advancements. Regulatory hurdles and data security concerns also represent significant barriers to market growth.
Key Players Shaping the Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Market
- Wison Engineering Ltd
- Foresight Techno Co Ltd
- L&T Technology Services
- Tata Technologies
- Quest Global Services Pte Ltd
- AECOM Engineering company
- Global Logic
- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc
- Fluor Corporation
- Infosys
- Tech Mahindra
- Wipro
- Capgemini
- Accenture
- DXC Technology
Significant Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Industry Milestones
- April 2024: Infosys' acquisition of in-tech strengthens its automotive ER&D capabilities and digital engineering expertise.
- April 2024: PROTON's new R&D center in China enhances its collaboration with Geely and expands its operational footprint.
Future Outlook for Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Market
The Asia-Pacific ER&D services market is poised for continued growth, driven by technological advancements, increased digitalization, and rising demand from various industries. Strategic partnerships, acquisitions, and investments in R&D will be key factors shaping the market's future landscape. The focus on Industry 4.0 technologies and sustainable solutions will present significant opportunities for companies offering innovative and cost-effective ER&D services.
Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Segmentation
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1. Servi
- 1.1. Global Capability Centers (GCCs)
- 1.2. Engineering Service Providers (ESPs)
-
2. Indus
- 2.1. Automotive
- 2.2. Industrial
- 2.3. Aerospace and Defence
- 2.4. Consumer Electronics
- 2.5. Semiconductor
- 2.6. BFSI
- 2.7. Other In
-
3. Servi
- 3.1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Services
- 3.2. Embedded Engineering Services
- 3.3. Software Engineering Services
Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Asia Pacific
- 1.1. China
- 1.2. Japan
- 1.3. South Korea
- 1.4. India
- 1.5. Australia
- 1.6. New Zealand
- 1.7. Indonesia
- 1.8. Malaysia
- 1.9. Singapore
- 1.10. Thailand
- 1.11. Vietnam
- 1.12. Philippines
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Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 8.51% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Growing Advancement in Technologies; Increasing Demand for Innovative Products and Solutions
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Growing Advancement in Technologies; Increasing Demand for Innovative Products and Solutions
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Growing Advancement in Technologies in Asia Pacific
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Servi
- 5.1.1. Global Capability Centers (GCCs)
- 5.1.2. Engineering Service Providers (ESPs)
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Indus
- 5.2.1. Automotive
- 5.2.2. Industrial
- 5.2.3. Aerospace and Defence
- 5.2.4. Consumer Electronics
- 5.2.5. Semiconductor
- 5.2.6. BFSI
- 5.2.7. Other In
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Servi
- 5.3.1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Services
- 5.3.2. Embedded Engineering Services
- 5.3.3. Software Engineering Services
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Servi
- 6. Competitive Analysis
- 6.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 6.2. Company Profiles
- 6.2.1 Wison Engineering Ltd
- 6.2.1.1. Overview
- 6.2.1.2. Products
- 6.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.2 Foresight Techno Co Ltd
- 6.2.2.1. Overview
- 6.2.2.2. Products
- 6.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.3 L&T Technology Services
- 6.2.3.1. Overview
- 6.2.3.2. Products
- 6.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.4 Tata Technologies
- 6.2.4.1. Overview
- 6.2.4.2. Products
- 6.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.5 Quest Global Services Pte Ltd
- 6.2.5.1. Overview
- 6.2.5.2. Products
- 6.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.6 AECOM Engineering company
- 6.2.6.1. Overview
- 6.2.6.2. Products
- 6.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.7 Global Logic
- 6.2.7.1. Overview
- 6.2.7.2. Products
- 6.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.8 Jacobs Engineering Group Inc
- 6.2.8.1. Overview
- 6.2.8.2. Products
- 6.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.9 Fluor Corporation
- 6.2.9.1. Overview
- 6.2.9.2. Products
- 6.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.10 Infosys
- 6.2.10.1. Overview
- 6.2.10.2. Products
- 6.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.11 Tech Mahindra
- 6.2.11.1. Overview
- 6.2.11.2. Products
- 6.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.12 Wipro
- 6.2.12.1. Overview
- 6.2.12.2. Products
- 6.2.12.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.12.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.12.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.13 Capgemini
- 6.2.13.1. Overview
- 6.2.13.2. Products
- 6.2.13.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.13.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.13.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.14 Accenture
- 6.2.14.1. Overview
- 6.2.14.2. Products
- 6.2.14.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.14.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.14.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.15 DXC Technolog
- 6.2.15.1. Overview
- 6.2.15.2. Products
- 6.2.15.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.15.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.15.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.1 Wison Engineering Ltd
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Servi 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Servi 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Indus 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Indus 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Servi 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Servi 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Servi 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Servi 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Indus 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Indus 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Servi 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Servi 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: China Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: China Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Japan Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Japan Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: South Korea Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: South Korea Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: India Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: India Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Australia Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Australia Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: New Zealand Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: New Zealand Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Indonesia Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Indonesia Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Malaysia Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Malaysia Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: Singapore Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: Singapore Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: Thailand Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Thailand Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: Vietnam Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: Vietnam Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Philippines Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Philippines Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market Volume (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 8.51%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market?
Key companies in the market include Wison Engineering Ltd, Foresight Techno Co Ltd, L&T Technology Services, Tata Technologies, Quest Global Services Pte Ltd, AECOM Engineering company, Global Logic, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc, Fluor Corporation, Infosys, Tech Mahindra, Wipro, Capgemini, Accenture, DXC Technolog.
3. What are the main segments of the Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market?
The market segments include Servi, Indus, Servi.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 361.76 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Growing Advancement in Technologies; Increasing Demand for Innovative Products and Solutions.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Growing Advancement in Technologies in Asia Pacific.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Growing Advancement in Technologies; Increasing Demand for Innovative Products and Solutions.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
April 2024: Infosys, an India-based company, announced its plan to acquire in-tech, a firm specializing in Engineering R&D services for the automotive sector. This move bolstered Infosys' Engineering R&D prowess and underscored its dedication to guiding global clients through their digital engineering transformations. With this acquisition, the company will continue strengthening its engineering R&D experience in digital engineering.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 4950, and USD 6800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in Billion.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Asia-Pacific Engineering Research And Development (ER&D) Services Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence