Key Insights
The Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of cloud computing, the expansion of 5G networks, and the rising demand for secure and reliable network connectivity across various industries. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 10.22% from 2019-2024 indicates a significant upward trajectory. Key growth drivers include the digital transformation initiatives undertaken by businesses in the BFSI, IT & Telecom, Healthcare, Retail, and Manufacturing sectors across countries like China, India, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia. The burgeoning need for high-bandwidth, low-latency connections to support applications such as IoT, video conferencing, and cloud-based services is fueling demand for advanced enterprise routers. Furthermore, the shift towards software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) is creating opportunities for vendors offering flexible and scalable router solutions. While the market faces certain restraints such as high initial investment costs and the complexity of network integration, the overall market outlook remains positive, projected to continue its strong growth into 2033. The diverse range of router types, including core routers, multi-services edge routers, and access routers, catering to wired and wireless connectivity needs across various port types, contributes to the market's dynamism. Competitive landscape analysis suggests that established players like Cisco, Juniper, Huawei, and Arista, alongside regional vendors, are key players shaping the market's evolution.
The segmentation of the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers market reveals significant regional variations. China and India are expected to dominate the market due to their large and rapidly growing economies. However, other countries in the region, such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia, are also experiencing considerable growth, driven by increasing investments in infrastructure and digitalization. The preference for specific router types and connectivity solutions varies across industries and regions, indicating market nuances that vendors must carefully consider when strategizing. Furthermore, the ongoing technological advancements, including advancements in AI-driven network management and the rise of edge computing, will continue to shape the market landscape and present opportunities for innovation. The market's success hinges on vendors' ability to adapt to evolving technological demands and meet the diverse needs of various industry verticals within the rapidly expanding Asia-Pacific region.

Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This dynamic report provides an in-depth analysis of the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market, offering crucial insights for businesses, investors, and industry stakeholders. The report covers the period 2019-2033, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period spanning 2025-2033. It leverages extensive market research and data analysis to paint a clear picture of market trends, competitive dynamics, and future growth potential. The total market size is projected to reach xx Million by 2033, exhibiting a robust CAGR of xx% during the forecast period.
Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Market Structure & Competitive Landscape
The Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers market is characterized by a moderately concentrated structure, with a few dominant players holding significant market share. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is estimated at xx, indicating a moderately competitive landscape. Key innovation drivers include the increasing adoption of 5G technology, the rise of cloud computing, and the growing demand for high-speed, secure networking solutions. Regulatory impacts vary across countries, with some regions enforcing stricter data privacy regulations, influencing router deployment strategies. Product substitutes such as Software-Defined Networking (SDN) solutions are gaining traction, posing a moderate challenge to traditional hardware-based routers.
The market is segmented by end-user verticals, including BFSI, IT & Telecom, Healthcare, Retail, Manufacturing, and others. M&A activity has been relatively moderate in recent years, with a total deal volume of approximately xx Million in the past five years. This activity is expected to increase as companies strive to expand their market reach and gain access to new technologies.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated, HHI estimated at xx.
- Innovation Drivers: 5G adoption, cloud computing, demand for high-speed and secure networks.
- Regulatory Impacts: Vary across countries, impacting data privacy and deployment strategies.
- Product Substitutes: SDN solutions gaining traction.
- End-user Segmentation: BFSI, IT & Telecom, Healthcare, Retail, Manufacturing, and others.
- M&A Activity: Approximately xx Million in deal volume over the past five years.
Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Market Trends & Opportunities
The Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market is experiencing significant growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing digitalization across various industries, coupled with the burgeoning adoption of cloud-based services and IoT devices, fuels the demand for robust and scalable networking infrastructure. Technological advancements, such as the introduction of high-performance routers supporting advanced functionalities like Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), are reshaping the market landscape. Consumer preferences are shifting toward solutions that offer enhanced security, reliability, and ease of management.
The market is witnessing intense competition among established vendors and emerging players, leading to price wars and continuous product innovation. The market penetration rate for enterprise routers in the region is currently estimated at xx%, with significant potential for growth, particularly in developing economies. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period, driven by the factors mentioned above. The growing adoption of advanced technologies such as AI-powered network management systems, and the expanding demand for edge computing will further boost market growth in the coming years.

Dominant Markets & Segments in Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market
China and India currently dominate the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers market, accounting for approximately xx% and xx% of the total market value respectively. Significant growth is also anticipated from Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia.
- By Type: The Multi-services Edge segment holds the largest market share, driven by its ability to handle diverse network services and its suitability for edge computing applications. The Access Router segment shows significant growth potential, especially with the expansion of broadband networks.
- By End-user Vertical: The IT & Telecom sector commands a major portion of the market due to its massive requirement for high-capacity, reliable routers. The BFSI sector is another major contributor, driven by the need for robust security and high availability of network services.
- By Country: China and India lead the market, followed by Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia. Growth drivers include increasing digitalization, government initiatives supporting infrastructure development, and rising investments in telecom and IT sectors.
Key Growth Drivers (By Country):
- China: Massive digital transformation, government investments in 5G and digital infrastructure.
- India: Growing IT sector, increasing smartphone penetration, government's digital India initiative.
- Vietnam: Rapid economic growth, expanding manufacturing sector, improving telecom infrastructure.
- Thailand: Growing tourism sector, rising middle class, government focus on digital economy.
- Indonesia: Large population, increasing smartphone usage, expanding e-commerce market.
- Taiwan: Strong technology sector, advanced semiconductor manufacturing, robust telecommunications infrastructure.
Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Product Analysis
The Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers market showcases a diverse range of products, spanning core routers, multi-services edge routers, and access routers. Technological advancements focus on enhancing speed, security, and scalability. Routers incorporating SDN and NFV functionalities are gaining significant traction due to their flexibility and efficient resource management. Competition is fierce, with vendors differentiating their offerings through features like advanced security protocols, superior performance, and integrated management tools tailored to specific industry requirements.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market
Key Drivers: The market is propelled by the increasing adoption of cloud computing and IoT devices, along with the expansion of 5G networks across the region. Government initiatives promoting digitalization and investments in infrastructure development further contribute to market growth.
Challenges & Restraints: Supply chain disruptions can impact product availability and pricing. Stringent regulatory frameworks in certain countries can impose challenges in terms of compliance and deployment. Intense competition among vendors leads to price wars, squeezing profit margins. The increasing preference for software-defined networking solutions poses a potential threat to traditional hardware-based routers.
Growth Drivers in the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Market
Growth is driven by factors such as rising digitalization, expanding 5G infrastructure, government initiatives promoting digital economies, and the growing demand for robust and secure network connectivity across various industries.
Challenges Impacting Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Growth
Challenges include supply chain disruptions, regulatory hurdles in specific markets, intense competition leading to price pressures, and the emergence of alternative networking solutions.
Key Players Shaping the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Market
- Arista Networks
- Hewlett Packard Enterprise
- D-Link Corporation
- CISCO Systems Inc
- Juniper Networks Inc
- Extreme Networks Inc
- Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
- ZTE Corporation
- Nokia Corporation
- Dell Technologies Inc
Significant Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Industry Milestones
- April 2023: Tejas Networks secures a USD 84.68 Million order from BSNL for network upgrades. This signifies significant investment in network infrastructure modernization within India.
- January 2023: Synology launches the DS923+, expanding options for small businesses and home offices seeking robust storage and data protection solutions. This highlights the growing demand for versatile and reliable network storage solutions.
Future Outlook for Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Market
The Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers market is poised for continued growth, driven by ongoing digital transformation across various sectors, the expansion of 5G networks, and increasing investments in infrastructure development. Opportunities abound for vendors who can offer innovative, secure, and scalable solutions that meet the evolving needs of businesses in the region. The market's future trajectory hinges on successful navigation of supply chain challenges, adaptability to evolving technological landscapes, and effective response to increasing competition.
Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Segmentation
-
1. Type of Connectivity
- 1.1. Wired
- 1.2. Wireless
-
2. Type of Port
- 2.1. Fixed Port
- 2.2. Modular
-
3. Type
- 3.1. Core Routers
- 3.2. Multi-services Edge
- 3.3. Access Router
-
4. End-user Vertical
- 4.1. BFSI
- 4.2. IT & Telecom
- 4.3. Healthcare
- 4.4. Retail
- 4.5. Manifacturing
- 4.6. Other End-user Verticals
Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Asia Pacific
- 1.1. China
- 1.2. Japan
- 1.3. South Korea
- 1.4. India
- 1.5. Australia
- 1.6. New Zealand
- 1.7. Indonesia
- 1.8. Malaysia
- 1.9. Singapore
- 1.10. Thailand
- 1.11. Vietnam
- 1.12. Philippines

Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of > 10.22% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Growing Demand for High-speed Connectivity for Faster Data Processing and Transfer; Rising Adoption of Advanced Technology; Rapidly Declining Cost
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Decreasing Shelf Life Leading to Lower RoI
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. IT and Telecommunication to Witness Major Growth
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type of Connectivity
- 5.1.1. Wired
- 5.1.2. Wireless
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type of Port
- 5.2.1. Fixed Port
- 5.2.2. Modular
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.3.1. Core Routers
- 5.3.2. Multi-services Edge
- 5.3.3. Access Router
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Vertical
- 5.4.1. BFSI
- 5.4.2. IT & Telecom
- 5.4.3. Healthcare
- 5.4.4. Retail
- 5.4.5. Manifacturing
- 5.4.6. Other End-user Verticals
- 5.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.5.1. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type of Connectivity
- 6. China Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7. Japan Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8. India Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9. South Korea Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Taiwan Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Australia Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Rest of Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Competitive Analysis
- 13.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 13.2. Company Profiles
- 13.2.1 Arista Network7 2 List of Major Vendors
- 13.2.1.1. Overview
- 13.2.1.2. Products
- 13.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.2 Indonesia
- 13.2.2.1. Overview
- 13.2.2.2. Products
- 13.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.3 India
- 13.2.3.1. Overview
- 13.2.3.2. Products
- 13.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.4 Vietnam
- 13.2.4.1. Overview
- 13.2.4.2. Products
- 13.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.5 Hewlett Packard Enterprise
- 13.2.5.1. Overview
- 13.2.5.2. Products
- 13.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.6 D-link Corporation
- 13.2.6.1. Overview
- 13.2.6.2. Products
- 13.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.7 Taiwa
- 13.2.7.1. Overview
- 13.2.7.2. Products
- 13.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.8 CISCO Systems Inc
- 13.2.8.1. Overview
- 13.2.8.2. Products
- 13.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.9 Juniper Networks Inc
- 13.2.9.1. Overview
- 13.2.9.2. Products
- 13.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.10 Extreme Networks Inc
- 13.2.10.1. Overview
- 13.2.10.2. Products
- 13.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.11 China
- 13.2.11.1. Overview
- 13.2.11.2. Products
- 13.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.12 Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
- 13.2.12.1. Overview
- 13.2.12.2. Products
- 13.2.12.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.12.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.12.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.13 ZTE Corporation
- 13.2.13.1. Overview
- 13.2.13.2. Products
- 13.2.13.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.13.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.13.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.14 Nokia Corporation
- 13.2.14.1. Overview
- 13.2.14.2. Products
- 13.2.14.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.14.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.14.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.15 Dell Technologies Inc
- 13.2.15.1. Overview
- 13.2.15.2. Products
- 13.2.15.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.15.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.15.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.16 Thailand
- 13.2.16.1. Overview
- 13.2.16.2. Products
- 13.2.16.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.16.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.16.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.1 Arista Network7 2 List of Major Vendors
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type of Connectivity 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type of Port 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Vertical 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: China Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Japan Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: India Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: South Korea Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Taiwan Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Australia Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Rest of Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type of Connectivity 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type of Port 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Vertical 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: China Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Japan Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: South Korea Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: India Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Australia Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: New Zealand Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Indonesia Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Malaysia Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Singapore Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Thailand Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Vietnam Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Philippines Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately > 10.22%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market?
Key companies in the market include Arista Network7 2 List of Major Vendors , Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, D-link Corporation, Taiwa, CISCO Systems Inc, Juniper Networks Inc, Extreme Networks Inc, China, Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, ZTE Corporation, Nokia Corporation, Dell Technologies Inc, Thailand.
3. What are the main segments of the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market?
The market segments include Type of Connectivity, Type of Port, Type, End-user Vertical.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Growing Demand for High-speed Connectivity for Faster Data Processing and Transfer; Rising Adoption of Advanced Technology; Rapidly Declining Cost.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
IT and Telecommunication to Witness Major Growth.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Decreasing Shelf Life Leading to Lower RoI.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
April 2023 - Tejas Networks announced that it received an Advance Purchase Order of INR 696 crores (~USD 84.68 million) from BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited) for the upgradation of its pan-India IP-MPLS-based Access and Aggregation Network (MAAN) using its advanced routers.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 4950, and USD 6800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Asia-Pacific Enterprise Routers Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence