Key Insights
The North America compressor oil market, valued at approximately $XXX million in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven primarily by the expanding manufacturing, oil and gas, and chemical sectors. A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.91% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a consistent demand for high-performance compressor oils, reflecting the increasing reliance on compressed air and gas in various industrial processes. Key growth drivers include the rising adoption of advanced compressor technologies, stringent environmental regulations promoting energy efficiency, and the increasing demand for reliable and durable lubrication solutions across diverse applications. The market is segmented by base oil type (synthetic, mineral, and others) and end-user industry, with manufacturing, oil and gas, and chemical/petrochemical sectors dominating market share. While the market faces some restraints, such as price volatility of raw materials and potential competition from alternative lubrication technologies, the overall outlook remains positive due to sustained industrial growth and the inherent need for specialized compressor oils in critical applications. The dominance of established players such as PetroCanada Lubricants, ExxonMobil, Shell, FUCHS, Chevron, Sasol, TotalEnergies, and Phillips 66 suggests a relatively consolidated market, although emerging players may find opportunities in niche segments, like biodegradable oils, or by focusing on specific regional needs within North America. The US is expected to be the largest market within the region, followed by Canada and Mexico.
The continued expansion of industrial automation and the increasing need for energy-efficient compressor systems will likely fuel market growth throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). Synthetic compressor oils are expected to witness higher growth rates compared to mineral oils due to their superior performance characteristics and extended lifespan. Innovation in base oil formulations and the development of specialized oils tailored for specific compressor types are further contributing to market expansion. The increasing focus on sustainability in industrial operations is expected to drive demand for environmentally friendly, biodegradable compressor oils, offering a promising avenue for growth. The market’s growth, however, will depend on factors such as economic conditions, government policies, and technological advancements in compressor technology and lubricants. Companies are likely to focus on strategic partnerships, product innovation, and expansion into new geographical areas to maintain a competitive edge in this evolving market.

North America Compressor Oil Market Report: 2019-2033
This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the North America compressor oil market, offering invaluable insights for industry stakeholders. From market size and segmentation to competitive dynamics and future projections, this study covers all key aspects influencing this vital sector. With a focus on data-driven analysis and expert commentary, this report is an essential resource for businesses seeking to navigate the complexities of this dynamic market. The report covers the period from 2019 to 2033, with 2025 serving as the base and estimated year.
North America Compressor Oil Market Structure & Competitive Landscape
The North America compressor oil market exhibits a moderately concentrated structure, with several major players controlling a significant market share. The market concentration ratio (CR4) is estimated at xx% in 2025, indicating a degree of dominance by the leading companies. These key players are engaged in intensive competition, driven by factors such as innovation, pricing strategies, and brand reputation.
Key factors shaping the competitive landscape include:
- Innovation: Continuous R&D efforts focused on developing advanced compressor oils with enhanced performance characteristics (e.g., improved viscosity, oxidation resistance, and thermal stability) are driving competition.
- Regulatory Impacts: Stringent environmental regulations concerning lubricant disposal and emission reduction are influencing product formulation and driving the adoption of environmentally friendly compressor oils.
- Product Substitutes: The availability of alternative lubricants and technologies poses a competitive threat, particularly in specific niche applications.
- End-User Segmentation: The market is segmented by end-user industries, with varying demand profiles across different sectors. This influences product development and marketing strategies.
- M&A Trends: The compressor oil market has witnessed xx mergers and acquisitions (M&A) deals in the historical period (2019-2024), indicating a trend toward consolidation. This can be attributed to factors like expansion and diversification.
The leading players in the North America compressor oil market include PetroCanada Lubricants Inc, Exxon Mobil Corporation, Shell Plc, FUCHS, Chevron Corporation, Sasol, TotalEnergies SE, and Phillips 66 Company. However, the market also comprises numerous smaller players, especially regional distributors and specialized lubricant producers. The competitive intensity is expected to remain high in the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by factors such as the entry of new players and the intensifying focus on sustainability.
North America Compressor Oil Market Market Trends & Opportunities
The North America compressor oil market is projected to witness substantial growth during the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by several key factors. The market size is estimated at xx Million in 2025 and is expected to reach xx Million by 2033, registering a CAGR of xx%. This growth is primarily fueled by the increasing demand for compressor oils across various end-user industries.
Technological advancements have led to the development of advanced compressor oils with enhanced performance characteristics, including improved viscosity index, pour point, and oxidation resistance. This is creating new opportunities for lubricant manufacturers, prompting the shift towards synthetic and other high-performance base oils. The preference for synthetic base oils, particularly in demanding applications, is also increasing, driven by their superior performance and extended lifespan.
Consumer preferences are shifting towards environmentally friendly and sustainable products, driving the growth of biodegradable and other eco-friendly compressor oils. These factors contribute to the competitive dynamics within the market, with companies investing in innovation and sustainability to gain a competitive edge. The market penetration rate of synthetic base oils is increasing steadily, and this trend is expected to continue throughout the forecast period.

Dominant Markets & Segments in North America Compressor Oil Market
The North America compressor oil market demonstrates diverse regional and segmental performance. Specific regional dominance is difficult to pinpoint without exact sales data; however, high-density industrial regions will likely represent the largest segment.
Key Growth Drivers:
- Manufacturing: Expansion of the manufacturing sector drives demand for compressor oils used in various industrial processes.
- Oil and Gas: The substantial oil and gas extraction activities across North America create significant demand for compressor oils, specifically in pipeline compression and gas processing.
- Chemical and Petrochemical: The robust chemical and petrochemical industry in North America contributes significantly to the market.
- Mining: Growth in mining activities, particularly in Canada and the United States, fuels the demand for high-performance compressor oils.
- Synthetic Base Oils: Growing awareness of enhanced performance and longer lifespan fuels the adoption of synthetic base oils over mineral-based counterparts.
Detailed analysis: Growth varies based on economic trends and government regulations in specific areas. Manufacturing-heavy states will likely see higher demand than agricultural areas. Synthetic base oils, due to their superior properties, command a premium and are expected to contribute significantly to overall market value growth.
North America Compressor Oil Market Product Analysis
Technological advancements have led to the development of advanced compressor oils that deliver superior performance, improved energy efficiency, and extended lifespan. These innovations cater to the diverse needs of various end-user industries, driving the market's growth and influencing the competitive dynamics within the sector. Products offering enhanced thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and viscosity are gaining traction. These improvements enable greater efficiency and longer service intervals for compressors, thereby reducing maintenance costs and downtime. The market is witnessing a gradual transition toward environmentally friendly formulations, emphasizing biodegradable and less-toxic options.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in North America Compressor Oil Market
Key Drivers:
The North America compressor oil market is fueled by robust economic growth across major end-user industries. The increasing automation of industrial processes across sectors like manufacturing and oil & gas also contributes, alongside the stringent environmental regulations requiring improved oil performance and reduced environmental impact. These factors are driving adoption of high-performance lubricants.
Key Challenges:
Fluctuations in crude oil prices significantly impact the cost of raw materials, affecting profitability for producers. Additionally, intense competition among established and emerging players and the presence of substitute products impose challenges. Supply chain disruptions and regulatory compliance requirements further contribute to the challenges faced by the market.
Growth Drivers in the North America Compressor Oil Market Market
Growing industrialization across North America, increasing energy demand, and expanding infrastructure development projects are key factors driving market growth. Stricter environmental regulations, pushing for more efficient and eco-friendly compressor oils, also stimulate innovation and market expansion. The ongoing shift toward automation across various sectors further drives the demand for high-performance, durable compressor oils.
Challenges Impacting North America Compressor Oil Market Growth
The industry faces significant hurdles including economic downturns affecting industrial production, volatility in raw material prices, and increasing competition from substitute lubricants. Stringent regulatory compliance requirements and potential supply chain disruptions also pose significant challenges to market growth, necessitating strategic planning and adaptation among industry players.
Key Players Shaping the North America Compressor Oil Market Market
- PetroCanada Lubricants Inc
- Exxon Mobil Corporation (ExxonMobil)
- Shell Plc (Shell)
- FUCHS (FUCHS)
- Chevron Corporation (Chevron)
- Sasol (Sasol)
- TotalEnergies SE (TotalEnergies)
- Phillips 66 Company (Phillips 66)
Significant North America Compressor Oil Market Industry Milestones
- July 2023: Chevron Corporation launched NEXBASE 3043 base oil, boosting high-quality engine oil and compressor oil formulations. This signifies a push towards improved product performance and efficiency.
- March 2022: Tellurian Inc.'s commencement of Driftwood LNG construction signals increased activity in the energy sector, potentially driving demand for compressor oils in related applications.
Future Outlook for North America Compressor Oil Market Market
The North America compressor oil market holds significant promise, driven by continuous industrial growth, expanding energy infrastructure, and the transition towards more sustainable and high-performance lubricants. Strategic investments in research and development, coupled with adapting to evolving regulations and customer preferences, will position companies for success in this evolving market. The market is expected to experience sustained growth in the coming years, benefiting from ongoing technological advancements and the increasing adoption of energy-efficient solutions.
North America Compressor Oil Market Segmentation
-
1. Base Oil
- 1.1. Synthetic
- 1.2. Mineral
- 1.3. Other Ba
-
2. End-User Industry
- 2.1. Manufacturing
- 2.2. Chemical and Petrochemical
- 2.3. Oil and Gas
- 2.4. Mining
- 2.5. Marine
- 2.6. Other En
-
3. Geography
- 3.1. United States
- 3.2. Canada
- 3.3. Mexico
North America Compressor Oil Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. United States
- 2. Canada
- 3. Mexico

North America Compressor Oil Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 2.91% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Increasing Investments in the Oil and Gas Industry; Growing Demand from the Manufacturing Industry; Other Drivers
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Growing Popularity of Oil Free Compressors; Other Restraints
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Increasing Investments in the Oil and Gas Industry
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. North America Compressor Oil Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Oil
- 5.1.1. Synthetic
- 5.1.2. Mineral
- 5.1.3. Other Ba
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-User Industry
- 5.2.1. Manufacturing
- 5.2.2. Chemical and Petrochemical
- 5.2.3. Oil and Gas
- 5.2.4. Mining
- 5.2.5. Marine
- 5.2.6. Other En
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 5.3.1. United States
- 5.3.2. Canada
- 5.3.3. Mexico
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. United States
- 5.4.2. Canada
- 5.4.3. Mexico
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Oil
- 6. United States North America Compressor Oil Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Oil
- 6.1.1. Synthetic
- 6.1.2. Mineral
- 6.1.3. Other Ba
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-User Industry
- 6.2.1. Manufacturing
- 6.2.2. Chemical and Petrochemical
- 6.2.3. Oil and Gas
- 6.2.4. Mining
- 6.2.5. Marine
- 6.2.6. Other En
- 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 6.3.1. United States
- 6.3.2. Canada
- 6.3.3. Mexico
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Oil
- 7. Canada North America Compressor Oil Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Oil
- 7.1.1. Synthetic
- 7.1.2. Mineral
- 7.1.3. Other Ba
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-User Industry
- 7.2.1. Manufacturing
- 7.2.2. Chemical and Petrochemical
- 7.2.3. Oil and Gas
- 7.2.4. Mining
- 7.2.5. Marine
- 7.2.6. Other En
- 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 7.3.1. United States
- 7.3.2. Canada
- 7.3.3. Mexico
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Oil
- 8. Mexico North America Compressor Oil Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Oil
- 8.1.1. Synthetic
- 8.1.2. Mineral
- 8.1.3. Other Ba
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-User Industry
- 8.2.1. Manufacturing
- 8.2.2. Chemical and Petrochemical
- 8.2.3. Oil and Gas
- 8.2.4. Mining
- 8.2.5. Marine
- 8.2.6. Other En
- 8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 8.3.1. United States
- 8.3.2. Canada
- 8.3.3. Mexico
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Base Oil
- 9. United States North America Compressor Oil Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Canada North America Compressor Oil Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Mexico North America Compressor Oil Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Rest of North America North America Compressor Oil Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Competitive Analysis
- 13.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 13.2. Company Profiles
- 13.2.1 PetroCanada Lubricants Inc
- 13.2.1.1. Overview
- 13.2.1.2. Products
- 13.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.2 *List Not Exhaustive
- 13.2.2.1. Overview
- 13.2.2.2. Products
- 13.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.3 Exxon Mobil Corporation
- 13.2.3.1. Overview
- 13.2.3.2. Products
- 13.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.4 Shell Plc
- 13.2.4.1. Overview
- 13.2.4.2. Products
- 13.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.5 FUCHS
- 13.2.5.1. Overview
- 13.2.5.2. Products
- 13.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.6 Chevron Corporation
- 13.2.6.1. Overview
- 13.2.6.2. Products
- 13.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.7 Sasol
- 13.2.7.1. Overview
- 13.2.7.2. Products
- 13.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.8 TotalEnergies SE
- 13.2.8.1. Overview
- 13.2.8.2. Products
- 13.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.9 Phillips 66 Company
- 13.2.9.1. Overview
- 13.2.9.2. Products
- 13.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.1 PetroCanada Lubricants Inc
List of Figures
- Figure 1: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: North America Compressor Oil Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Base Oil 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Base Oil 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: United States North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: United States North America Compressor Oil Market Volume (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Canada North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Canada North America Compressor Oil Market Volume (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Mexico North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Mexico North America Compressor Oil Market Volume (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Rest of North America North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Rest of North America North America Compressor Oil Market Volume (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Base Oil 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Base Oil 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Base Oil 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Base Oil 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Base Oil 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Base Oil 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by End-User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: North America Compressor Oil Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: North America Compressor Oil Market Volume Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the North America Compressor Oil Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 2.91%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the North America Compressor Oil Market?
Key companies in the market include PetroCanada Lubricants Inc, *List Not Exhaustive, Exxon Mobil Corporation, Shell Plc, FUCHS, Chevron Corporation, Sasol, TotalEnergies SE, Phillips 66 Company.
3. What are the main segments of the North America Compressor Oil Market?
The market segments include Base Oil, End-User Industry, Geography.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Increasing Investments in the Oil and Gas Industry; Growing Demand from the Manufacturing Industry; Other Drivers.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Increasing Investments in the Oil and Gas Industry.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Growing Popularity of Oil Free Compressors; Other Restraints.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
July 2023: Chevron Corporation announced the commencement of the first commercial production of NEXBASE 3043 base oil in the United States, which is recommended for formulating high-quality engine oils. The product is also used for compressor oil and hydraulic oil formulations.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "North America Compressor Oil Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the North America Compressor Oil Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the North America Compressor Oil Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the North America Compressor Oil Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence