Key Insights
The North America in-flight catering services market, valued at $3.11 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by the resurgence of air travel post-pandemic and increasing passenger demand for higher-quality, diverse meal options. A Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.86% from 2025 to 2033 indicates significant expansion. Key drivers include the growing preference for customized meals catering to dietary restrictions and preferences, an expanding airline industry, and the increasing focus on enhancing the overall passenger experience. The market's segmentation, likely encompassing premium, economy, and specialized catering services (e.g., kosher, halal), will influence market dynamics. Competitive pressures amongst established players like Flying Food Group LLC, GateGroup, and Lufthansa Service Holding AG, along with emerging players, will likely drive innovation and efficiency improvements within the industry. The growth is expected to be fueled by strategic partnerships and mergers and acquisitions, expanding service offerings, and investments in technology to improve logistics and efficiency.
The market's sustained growth will depend on several factors. Airlines' financial health and operational efficiency are crucial, influencing their budgets for catering services. Fluctuations in fuel prices and economic conditions could impact travel demand and thus affect the in-flight catering market. Moreover, the successful integration of sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in sourcing, packaging, and waste management will be critical for long-term market success. Government regulations on food safety and hygiene standards also play a significant role in shaping the market's trajectory. Future market analysis should also focus on understanding the impact of technological advancements, such as personalized meal ordering systems and improved food preservation technologies.

North America In-Flight Catering Services Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This dynamic report provides a detailed analysis of the North America In-Flight Catering Services market, offering invaluable insights for industry stakeholders, investors, and strategic decision-makers. The study period spans from 2019 to 2033, with 2025 serving as the base and estimated year. The report meticulously examines market size, growth trajectories, competitive dynamics, and future prospects, leveraging robust data and expert analysis to illuminate key opportunities and challenges. This comprehensive analysis includes a deep dive into market segmentation, key players, industry milestones, and future outlook, providing a complete picture of this dynamic sector. The market is projected to reach xx Million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033).
North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Structure & Competitive Landscape
The North American in-flight catering services market exhibits a moderately concentrated structure, with a handful of large players dominating the landscape. Key players such as Flying Food Group LLC, gategroup, Lufthansa Service Holding AG, and Newrest International Group SaS control a significant market share, though smaller regional players and specialized providers also contribute significantly. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for the market in 2024 was estimated to be approximately xx, indicating a moderately concentrated market.
Several factors shape the competitive landscape. Innovation in meal preparation, packaging, and delivery systems is a major driver, with companies constantly striving to enhance efficiency and customer satisfaction. Regulatory compliance regarding food safety and hygiene standards is paramount, imposing significant operational costs and influencing competitive strategies. Product substitution, while limited, exists in the form of self-catering options by airlines and pre-packaged meals provided by other retailers. This has limited impact due to the high standards and quality concerns of in-flight food.
The market sees significant M&A activity, driven by the pursuit of economies of scale, geographic expansion, and diversification of service offerings. The number of M&A transactions in the sector averaged xx per year during the historical period (2019-2024), with a total transaction value of approximately xx Million. The end-user segmentation is primarily focused on airlines of various sizes, with large carriers often dictating contract terms and service standards.
North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Trends & Opportunities
The North American in-flight catering services market has demonstrated robust growth during the historical period (2019-2024), primarily driven by the resurgence in air travel post-pandemic. The market size reached xx Million in 2024, and is anticipated to continue to grow at a significant pace throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is fueled by several key factors. The increasing demand for customized meals tailored to dietary requirements and preferences, including special diets, is a growing trend that has prompted significant improvements in food offering diversity. Airlines, too, have recognized this demand, placing increased importance on meal quality and passenger satisfaction, leading to greater investment in their catering services.
Technological advancements are transforming the sector. Advanced logistics and inventory management systems improve efficiency and reduce waste. The use of sustainable and eco-friendly packaging is gaining traction, driven by consumer preferences and environmental regulations. The market is witnessing a notable shift towards technology integration, including AI-driven predictive analytics to forecast demand, improve production planning, and customize menus more effectively. Additionally, improved cold chain management systems ensure better food preservation, enhancing quality and minimizing waste.
Competitive dynamics are influencing market trends. Larger catering companies are leveraging their scale to negotiate favorable contracts with airlines, potentially squeezing out smaller competitors. However, smaller, specialized providers are carving niches for themselves by focusing on specific customer needs such as specialty diets or regional cuisine. Market penetration rates vary significantly among airlines, with larger carriers often opting for more comprehensive, integrated catering solutions.

Dominant Markets & Segments in North America In-Flight Catering Services Market
The Northeast and West Coast regions of the United States represent the dominant markets within North America's in-flight catering sector. The significant concentration of major airline hubs and international gateways in these regions drives demand for high-quality and diverse catering services. Canada's market is expected to grow at a slower rate compared to the US.
Key Growth Drivers in the US:
- High volume of domestic and international air travel.
- Presence of major airline hubs (e.g., JFK, LAX, ORD).
- Stringent food safety regulations driving quality standards.
- Growing demand for diverse and customized meal options.
Key Growth Drivers in Canada:
- Growing tourism sector attracting international air traffic.
- Increasing disposable income leading to higher demand for premium services.
- Government initiatives supporting the aviation industry.
Market dominance stems from economies of scale, strategic partnerships with airlines, and the ability to efficiently manage logistics across multiple airports. This creates a barrier to entry for smaller companies.
North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Product Analysis
Product innovations in the in-flight catering market largely center on enhancing food quality, expanding menu choices, and improving operational efficiency. Advances in packaging technology have focused on extending shelf life and minimizing waste, while customized meal options cater to specific dietary needs and preferences. The focus on healthier, fresher, and more regionally inspired menu items has also gained traction. These product innovations directly enhance customer satisfaction and competitive advantage by offering premium services and differentiating offerings.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in North America In-Flight Catering Services Market
Key Drivers:
The resurgence in air travel post-pandemic, increased demand for premium and customized meal options, technological advancements in food preparation and logistics, and growing focus on sustainability are key factors propelling market growth. These drivers have created opportunities for expansion and improved efficiency within the industry.
Key Challenges and Restraints:
Fluctuations in fuel prices and air travel demand directly impact profitability. Stringent food safety regulations and compliance costs add operational complexity. Intense competition from established players and the increasing prevalence of airline self-catering can compress profit margins. Supply chain disruptions, notably ingredient sourcing and labor shortages, can lead to delays and operational inefficiencies, impacting cost and quality.
Growth Drivers in the North America In-Flight Catering Services Market
Technological advancements, such as automated meal preparation systems and improved logistics, are driving efficiency and reducing costs. The rising preference for healthier and customized meal options creates opportunities for innovative product offerings. Favorable government regulations supporting the aviation industry are fostering market expansion. The resurgence in air travel post-pandemic and the steady increase in passenger numbers are significantly contributing to market growth.
Challenges Impacting North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Growth
Supply chain disruptions, including ingredient shortages and labor constraints, pose a significant challenge. Stringent food safety and hygiene regulations necessitate high operational costs and complexity. Intense competition from existing players with established relationships with airlines can limit market share expansion for newcomers. Economic downturns or unpredictable air travel demand can negatively impact revenue and profitability.
Key Players Shaping the North America In-Flight Catering Services Market
- Flying Food Group LLC
- gategroup
- Lufthansa Service Holding AG
- Journey Group PLC
- Fleury Michon America
- Cathay Pacific Catering Services (CLS Catering)
- JetFinity
- Newrest International Group SaS
- DNATA
- SATS Ltd
Significant North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Industry Milestones
- April 2022: Flying Food Group announced catering for double daily Lufthansa flights between New York JFK and Frankfurt/Munich, expanding its Lufthansa service to Chicago, Los Angeles, Washington, and Newark. This signified a significant expansion of a major player's market share.
- July 2021: Newrest commenced in-flight operations with Delta Airlines and United Airlines in the US, marking a major entry into the US market for a significant international player. This broadened competition and broadened service offering.
Future Outlook for North America In-Flight Catering Services Market
The North American in-flight catering services market is poised for continued growth, driven by the ongoing recovery in air travel, the increasing focus on personalization and customization of meal options, and the adoption of advanced technologies to improve efficiency and sustainability. Strategic partnerships between catering companies and airlines, as well as investments in innovation and infrastructure, will further propel market expansion. The market is expected to witness strong growth driven by an increase in passenger traffic, expanding airline networks, and the continuous development of innovative, sustainable practices within the industry.
North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Segmentation
-
1. Aircraft Seating Class
- 1.1. Economy Class
- 1.2. Business Class
- 1.3. First Class
-
2. Flight Service Type
- 2.1. Full-service Carrier
- 2.2. Low-cost Carrier
- 2.3. Hybrid and Other Flight Types
-
3. Geography
- 3.1. United States
- 3.2. Canada
North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. United States
- 2. Canada

North America In-Flight Catering Services Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 12.86% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. The Hybrid and Other Flight Type Segment Is Expected To Witness Significant Growth During The Forecast Period.
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Aircraft Seating Class
- 5.1.1. Economy Class
- 5.1.2. Business Class
- 5.1.3. First Class
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Flight Service Type
- 5.2.1. Full-service Carrier
- 5.2.2. Low-cost Carrier
- 5.2.3. Hybrid and Other Flight Types
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 5.3.1. United States
- 5.3.2. Canada
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. United States
- 5.4.2. Canada
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Aircraft Seating Class
- 6. United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Aircraft Seating Class
- 6.1.1. Economy Class
- 6.1.2. Business Class
- 6.1.3. First Class
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Flight Service Type
- 6.2.1. Full-service Carrier
- 6.2.2. Low-cost Carrier
- 6.2.3. Hybrid and Other Flight Types
- 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 6.3.1. United States
- 6.3.2. Canada
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Aircraft Seating Class
- 7. Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Aircraft Seating Class
- 7.1.1. Economy Class
- 7.1.2. Business Class
- 7.1.3. First Class
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Flight Service Type
- 7.2.1. Full-service Carrier
- 7.2.2. Low-cost Carrier
- 7.2.3. Hybrid and Other Flight Types
- 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 7.3.1. United States
- 7.3.2. Canada
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Aircraft Seating Class
- 8. Competitive Analysis
- 8.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 8.2. Company Profiles
- 8.2.1 Flying Food Group LLC
- 8.2.1.1. Overview
- 8.2.1.2. Products
- 8.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.2 gategroup
- 8.2.2.1. Overview
- 8.2.2.2. Products
- 8.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.3 Lufthansa Service Holding AG
- 8.2.3.1. Overview
- 8.2.3.2. Products
- 8.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.4 Journey Group PLC
- 8.2.4.1. Overview
- 8.2.4.2. Products
- 8.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.5 Fleury Michon America
- 8.2.5.1. Overview
- 8.2.5.2. Products
- 8.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.6 Cathay Pacific Catering Services (CLS Catering)
- 8.2.6.1. Overview
- 8.2.6.2. Products
- 8.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.7 JetFinity
- 8.2.7.1. Overview
- 8.2.7.2. Products
- 8.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.8 Newrest International Group SaS
- 8.2.8.1. Overview
- 8.2.8.2. Products
- 8.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.9 DNATA
- 8.2.9.1. Overview
- 8.2.9.2. Products
- 8.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.10 SATS Lt
- 8.2.10.1. Overview
- 8.2.10.2. Products
- 8.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 8.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 8.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 8.2.1 Flying Food Group LLC
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Breakdown (Billion, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue (Million), by Aircraft Seating Class 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume (Billion), by Aircraft Seating Class 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Share (%), by Aircraft Seating Class 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Share (%), by Aircraft Seating Class 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue (Million), by Flight Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume (Billion), by Flight Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Share (%), by Flight Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Share (%), by Flight Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue (Million), by Geography 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume (Billion), by Geography 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Share (%), by Geography 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Share (%), by Geography 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: United States North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue (Million), by Aircraft Seating Class 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume (Billion), by Aircraft Seating Class 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Share (%), by Aircraft Seating Class 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Share (%), by Aircraft Seating Class 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue (Million), by Flight Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 24: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume (Billion), by Flight Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 25: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Share (%), by Flight Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 26: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Share (%), by Flight Service Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 27: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue (Million), by Geography 2024 & 2032
- Figure 28: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume (Billion), by Geography 2024 & 2032
- Figure 29: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Share (%), by Geography 2024 & 2032
- Figure 30: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Share (%), by Geography 2024 & 2032
- Figure 31: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 32: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 33: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 34: Canada North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Aircraft Seating Class 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Aircraft Seating Class 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Flight Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Flight Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Aircraft Seating Class 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Aircraft Seating Class 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Flight Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Flight Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Aircraft Seating Class 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Aircraft Seating Class 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Flight Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Flight Service Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Global North America In-Flight Catering Services Market Volume Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the North America In-Flight Catering Services Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 12.86%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the North America In-Flight Catering Services Market?
Key companies in the market include Flying Food Group LLC, gategroup, Lufthansa Service Holding AG, Journey Group PLC, Fleury Michon America, Cathay Pacific Catering Services (CLS Catering), JetFinity, Newrest International Group SaS, DNATA, SATS Lt.
3. What are the main segments of the North America In-Flight Catering Services Market?
The market segments include Aircraft Seating Class, Flight Service Type, Geography.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 3.11 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
N/A
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
The Hybrid and Other Flight Type Segment Is Expected To Witness Significant Growth During The Forecast Period..
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
N/A
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
In April 2022, Flying Food Group announced that they are catering double daily Lufthansa flights between New York JFK and Frankfurt and Munich. Moreover, the Flying Food Group also caters to Lufthansa airlines in Chicago, Los Angeles, Washington, and Newark.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in Billion.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "North America In-Flight Catering Services Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the North America In-Flight Catering Services Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
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Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence